Seven layer of networking. this is very important for networking essentials.
LY 7: The application layer.At this layer quality of service is identified, user
authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified.
Layer 6: The presentation layer.At this layer, converting incoming and outgoing data
from one presentation format to another .Sometimes called the syntax layer.
LY 5: The session layer.At this layer, coordinating, and terminating conversations,
exchanging, and dialog between the applications at each end. It deals with session and
connection coordination.
LY 4: The transport layer.At this layer there is end-to-end control and error-checking. It ensures complete data
transfer.
LY 3: The network layer.At this layer routing of the data take place which is the
sending of the data in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions
CertTalk.com Network+ Study Guide 39
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and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level). The network layer does routing
and forwarding. IP addressing and dynamic or static routing take place al this layer.
LY 2: The data-link layer.At this layer MAC address, framing, and switching take
place.
LY 1: The physical layer.This layer conveys the bit stream through the network at the
electrical and mechanical level.

The best practice and most basic definition for social media marketing (or social media optimization) is to market a product or service by matching content to what a specific online community is looking for, engaging discussions about that product and service, and creating a viral buzz. Social media marketing uses sites like Facebook, Linked In, and Twitter along with blogs forums, and other online social outlets to generate user based interest and get people talking - and buying!

As the economy continues to struggle and marketing budgets stay lean, marketers are seeking new cost effective ways to reach their target markets. Consumers are also becoming increasingly skeptical of many traditional media outlets and spend a lot of time online verifying what they see offline.

One of the prohibiting factors for most companies while considering a social media campaign is that it takes time and resources. This is why most companies will outsource it to an Internet marketing company. A good social media optimization campaign in conjunction with an SEO campaign can get expensive simply because of the man hours it takes to properly engage the audiences.

There are many resouces online that marketers are taking advantage of to learn more tips on effective social media campaigns. The most important things to remember are to follow the rules of the community (written and unwritten), respect the users in that community (do not spam), and ask them what they want and need (the best way to define your brand to that community is to see what they are looking for and cater to those needs). So again, remember:

• Gain insight into the communities you are looking for: learn about what the users are looking for, what their interests are and see how other companies market to them
• Get involved in the conversations that are happening online: some of them might be about you so engage the users and offer valuable information about your products and services
• Do not spam: improper use of social media outlets is frowned upon and will soon be banned so play by the rules and offer valuable content
• Link Building: use social media as a way to build good inbound links but do it in a way that adds value to the community. If your content is good an adds value, people will talk about it, blog and the links will come!