Seven layer of networking. this is very important for networking essentials.
LY 7: The application layer.At this layer quality of service is identified, user
authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified.
Layer 6: The presentation layer.At this layer, converting incoming and outgoing data
from one presentation format to another .Sometimes called the syntax layer.
LY 5: The session layer.At this layer, coordinating, and terminating conversations,
exchanging, and dialog between the applications at each end. It deals with session and
connection coordination.
LY 4: The transport layer.At this layer there is end-to-end control and error-checking. It ensures complete data
transfer.
LY 3: The network layer.At this layer routing of the data take place which is the
sending of the data in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions
CertTalk.com Network+ Study Guide 39
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and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level). The network layer does routing
and forwarding. IP addressing and dynamic or static routing take place al this layer.
LY 2: The data-link layer.At this layer MAC address, framing, and switching take
place.
LY 1: The physical layer.This layer conveys the bit stream through the network at the
electrical and mechanical level.

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